Valve cooling



Feb. 12, 1952 Filed 1949 R. DAU

VALVE COOLING ts-Sheet l INVENTOR.

ATTO V Y R. DAUB VALVE COOLING Feb. 12, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug.5, 1949 INVENTOR. fiadoj Jami? Feb. 112, 1952 R. DAus 2,585,54U

VALVE COOLING Filed Aug. 3, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 IN VEN TOR.

BY X L 017M Jaw? R. DAUB VALVE COOLING Feb. 12, 1952 Filed Aug. 3, 19497 Sheets-Sheet 4 IITTOIP/VE) Feb. 12, 1952 R DAUB 2,585,540

VALVE COOLING Filed Aug. 3, 1949 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 1 *4 51 1 TJ?{ZI I mu l i INVENTOR.

"JIM 42% Feb. 12, 1952 R. DAUB 2585,5ifi

VALVE COOLING Filed Augv 3, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 JNVENTOR. Ema 06141 3fla 1% Y Patent ed Feb. 12, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,585,540VALVE COOLING Rudolph Daub, West Caldwell, N. J. Application August 3;1949, Serial No. 108,360

6 Claims. (01. 12s 41.4 1)

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and particularlyto such engines of the poppet valve type. V

The object of the invention is to provide for the cooling of the exhaustpoppet valves in a manner and to a degree avoiding overheating of thevalves and of the explosive charges.

When the exhaust valve of an engine cylinder is overheated it heats thecharge in the cylinder and also serves to initiate preignition of thischarge. By proper moderation of the exhaust valve temperature suchpreignition is avoided and the compression ratio of the engine may besubstantially increased with corresponding increase in power and economyin fuel consumption.

Further objects of this invention particularly in the construction andmounting of the exhaust valves within the standard engine designs willappear from the following specification taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a cross-section through the cylinder head of an engineillustrating the invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the intake and exhaust ports ofshown in Fig. 1;

Figs. 4, 6 and "7 are sections through the exhaust port of atypicalcylinder head with the operating components shown during differentintervals of the cycle and illustrating modified constructions Fig.shows a fragmentary section taken on line 55 of Fig. 4; 7

Figs 8 and 9 are similar transverse sectional views of modified forms ofthe invention; and

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary section of the valve formation taken along theline Hi'lll of Fig. '9.- Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, a cylinder headI!) is shown mounted on cylinder block ll. Fastened on the top face ofthe cylinder block I!) is rocker arm bracket I2 carrying the bearing forrocker arm l3, said rocker arm operating valve M with valve head Masealing cylinder during appropriate intervals of the cycle in aconventional manner with spiral spring 16 and spring retainer lleffecting the return of the valve assemb i i sa rfi i qiia p l9 sisyl nithe cylinder head 2 der head [0- and boss 20 of bracket 21, this bracketbeing fastened on the top face of cylinder head Hi, the axial movementof the bushing assembly, in the design shown, amounting to A; inch, forinstance. Spring 22 placed between the upper part of bushing assembly [8and the retainer ll assures contact between the lower face of bushing l8and shoulder I40 during the greater part of the engine cycle. Thiscontact area I40 in effect forms an auxiliary seat for the head of thevalve and therefore an auxiliary area of heat dissipation in addition tothe heat dissipating function of the main valve seat Mb formed in thecylinder head I9. Due to the yield- 7 ing character of auxiliary seatMo, effective sealing and cooling functions of the main valve seat Mbarein no way impaired.

Auxiliary bushing i8 is constructed of outer bushing l8a and innerbushing I817, both bushings being brazed or welded together at theirouter ends. as to form an annular chamber 18c which is provided withopenings iild and We at its end remote from the shoulder area which isin contact with thevalve head at Me. Around the part'of outer bushingI811 which contains the openings l8d and 13c a substantially cylindricalpiece of rubber 23 is molded provided with openings 23a and 23b in linewith openings I30, and l8e respectively. Rubber cylinder 23 fits intobore 24 of cylinder head [0 and is held and compressed therein bybracket 2! which is fastened on the top face of cylinder head Ill'bymeans of screws 25. Lip 230 of rubber cylinder 23 fits into acorrespondingly placed recess in the top face of head Ill to assurealignment of openings 23a and 23b in the rubber cylinder with openingsMa and lllb drilled through bore 2i. Opening iila communicates with thecooling water supply jacket in the cylinder' headlii, while opening Hibby means of hole I00 is connected with the Water discharge manifold 26.To assure the best possible flushing of the lower part of compartmentWe, and therefore maximum cooling of the valve head, baffles l8g and B8are provided, preferably on inner bushing 18b.

It will be noted that heat transfer from the valve head occurs throughthe lower part of bushing assembly i8 directly into the water withouthaving to transgress the oil film between the valve stem Md and innerbushing I812, thereby.

eliminating gum formation and sticking parts. The same applies to theoil film between outer bushing 13a and boss l9 in cylinder head It.

In operation the guide I S will maintain cooling The shapes of thebushings are such contact with the valve head Ma in seated position ofthe valve (Figs. 1 and 3). As the valve opens the guide 18 will followfor a predetermined desired distance due to the pressure of spring 22and the accommodating yielding of the inner portions of the rubberymounting 23 of the guide. In general the guide l8 will move only a partof the opening travel of the valve so that in fully open position theseat l lc will be separated from the lower end of the guide 18. Then onthe return seating movement of the valve the guide is picked up by theseat Mo and this contact is maintained throughout the remainder of theseating travel and during the entire period of closure.

The valve cooling is constant feeding the cooling liquid into proximitywith the valve head in a persistent stream. Where the loading of theengine is sufflcient to produce conditionsvaporizin the coolant in theguide channel the invention in which the circulation to and from thevalve guide is carried above the upper face of the cylinder head. Inthis construction the rubber mounting 53 forms a permanent bond betweenbushing i and bracket &2 fastened on top of cylinder head 44.

Water passages 55 connect the water inlet compartment 36 with the wateroutlet compartment M of cylinder head 46, the path of water flow withinthe bushing 4! being the same as outlined previously. Spring retainer 49is welded to the top of inner bushing 43 and forms a seat for spring 5%which assures contact between the lower face of bushing 48 and the upperface of valve head 5| during a large interval of the operating cycle.

Fig. 6 shows the valve head 5i lifted about 4; inch off its seat 52. Itis well known that it is during this interval of valve opening when theflaming and therefore the hottest portion of the exhaust gases pass thevalve head and its stem. During this period the velocity of the gases isalso at their highest point and the heat flow very intense. Theinvention provides not only maximum heat dissipation during this periodfrom the valve head into the cooling water by maintaining contact at theauxiliary valve seat 53, i. e. between valve head and guide, butsimultaneously establishes a protective shield between the exhaust gasflames and the valve stem 54 as well as a large part of the valve head5i.

In Fig. 7 the valve 5i is fully open, having also left its auxiliaryseat on bushing '38, the downward travel of which is at a maximum,

when the lower face of rubber cylinder 33 contacts the top face 55 ofcylinder head 4%. However, it is possible to provide sufficient travelfor bushing 48 to maintain constant contact at the auxiliary valve seat53.

In the modification shown in Fig. 8 the cylinder head 60 of cylinderblock 6i has exhaust valve 62 and valve seat 63 with guide assembly B lmounted in housing 65 of the cylinder head. Valve stem 8'6 extendsthrough the inner bushing 67 of the assembly and is fastened at 68 tothe retainer 69 pressed upward by spring 10.

The outer bushing ll of the assembly has its flange l2 resting on theresilient annular cushion l3 and auxiliary spring 14 is compressedbetween retainer and the top of the assembly 64. The entrance anddischarge channels between the bushings El and ill are separated bybafiles I5 and cooling liquid is passed from. inflow chamber 15 to thesechannels and out to outflow chamber l! by flexible tubing l8, 19. Intaketube '18 connects passage through the cylinder head and block 8! topassage 82 of the assembly and similarly the discharge tube 19 isconnected to the outlet 83 of the assembly and passes the cooling liquidon to the passage 64 through block 85 and through the matching opening86 of the cylinder head leading into the outflow chamber Tl. Theflexible tubing 18, 19 may be corrugated as shown or be otherwiseconstructed to be yielding with the movements of the guide assembly. Inthe position of the parts as shown in the drawing the valve 32 is partlyopen and the guide assembly is depressed to maintain its lower end incontact with the valve head seat 86. The annular cushion T3 iscompressed and further opening movement of the valve will temporarilyseparate the seat 36 from the guide for a small part of the cycle.

In the modification illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10 the guide assembly atis fixedly mounted in the opening 9| of the cylinder head 92 on cylinderblock 93. Valve 95 shown closed against its seat '85 has its stem 93fastened at Bl to retainer 98 for spring 99 which rests on flange lfiiiof outer bushing 16!. Imier bushing 12 is sealed to the outer bushing ateach end leaving inlet channel 103 on one side of baffles lii i andoutlet channel NBA on the other side. The cooling flow to the valve isprovided through orifice I05 to passage I68 of the flange Hit thencethrough the assembly 8i? to passage ld'l, orifice W8, passage Hi9 andorifice Hfi to outlet venturi Hi subjected t0 the flow of water throughdischarge manifold ll2 which, for instance, may be at the rate of 40gallons per minute in a H. P. engine. Similar flow acceleration could beapplied, of course, in the engines of Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive.

The forced circulation of the coolant at not substantially over 200 F.and against metal separating it from the valve parts by a wall of lessthan /8 thickness provides a continuous cooling which will eiiect areduction in the temperature of the exhaust valve under all conditionsof service. This in turn permits higher compression ratios andcorrespondingly better performance and economy in fuel. The avoidance ofthe glowing hot spot will be attained by reduction of the temperature ofthe valve from the objectionable 1200-15G0 F. range to below c 1000 F.and even to 700 F. with increase of one or two in the permissiblecompression ratio and a fuel saving of the order of 10% or more is to beexpected.

While the invention has been described in reference to specific typicalembodiments it is not confined thereto, and consistent with the improvedcooling eifects the engine will preferably be provided with efiectivehydraulic valve tappet mechanism and poppet valve operation insuring thedesirable rotation of the valve. The material of the bushings in theguide assembly is advantageously a strong metal alloy such as nickelsteel and the resilient mounting is of resistant rubber composition ofproper characteristics such, for instance, as neoprene. The valve ineach case may be hollow or hollow stemmed and cooled as by a charge ofsodium and the valve structure is equally applicable to various types ofengines such, for instance, as the L-head designs.

The invention is not limited to the exact details disclosed but isintended to cover such variations thereof as fall within the scope ofthe appended claims.

I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber, a poppetvalve having a stem, a guide in contact with said valve stem and havinga space for the reception of cooling fluid formed within said guide,openings communicating with said space for the entrance and exit of saidcooling fluid, and baflies partitioning part of said space to divert theflow of the cooling fluid to one end of the space prior to the fluidmovement through the exit opening at the opposite end.

2. An exhaust valve structure for thecombustion chamber of an internalcombustion engine comprising a poppet valve having a head and a stem, aguide around and in contact with said stem including inner and outerbushings forming channels for a coolant between them and a mounting forsaid guide adapted to support it from the engine parts and having inflowand outflow connections for the coolant entering and leaving saidchannels.

3. An exhaust valve structure as set forth in claim 2 in which themounting for the guide is of yielding resilient material.

4:. An exhaust valve structure as set forth in claim 2 in which theguide extends along the valve stem to contact with the base of the valvehead.

5. An exhaust valve structure as set forth in claim 4 in which themounting for the guide is of yielding resilient material.

6. An exhaust valve structure as set forth in claim 4 in which themounting for the guide is of yielding resilient material and a springyieldingly pressed against said guide in a direction toward said head.

RUDOLPH DAUB.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,731,222 Blair Oct. 8, 19291,741,230 Goodwin Dec. 31, 1929 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date128,942 Great Britain of 1919 507,039 Great Britain of 1939

